The classic form of Wolfram Syndrome and the Ashkenazi Jewish subtype are both caused by the same specific pathogenic variant in the WFS1 gene. Despite their common genetic cause, the two forms of Wolfram manifest very differently — with different severity of symptoms, prognoses and treatments.

Wolfram syndrome is a rare, life-threatening genetic disorder caused largely by pathogenic variants in the Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1) gene.

The Ashkenazi subtype of Wolfram Syndrome can present with a wide range of symptoms, which are often mild in the early stages, making diagnosis particularly challenging. However, early recognition and intervention can help lessen the disease’s severity.

This guide covers what to watch for, what to do if you test positive and how the condition may affect health, treatment decisions and family planning. Here are answers to common questions.

Jewish Wolfram Syndrome is recessively inherited, meaning both parents must carry the WFS1 variant for a child to be affected.

If you test positive, your partner should consider carrier testing before or during family planning. Genetic counseling is highly recommended to understand inheritance risk and reproductive options. Prenatal and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) are available for families who wish to avoid passing on the condition.

Wolfram Syndrome, particularly its Ashkenazi Jewish variant, is a rare genetic disorder that can cause vision and hearing loss, diabetes, balance issues, and neurodegeneration. As with Tay-Sachs disease, it carries a higher prevalence in individuals of Ashkenazi descent due to a shared genetic mutation passed through generations.

Rabbis have historically played a pivotal role in promoting awareness, ethical discussion, and communal action around genetic health. This page is designed to help you support families, guide conversations around testing, and lead your community with compassion and knowledge.